irony in poems of ahmad al-safi al-najafi

abstract satire is one of the methods of expressing in literature that is used in two ways of direct and indirect. among these two methods, the second one is used more by the poets and writers because it helps them escaping from being face to face with the governments and their organizations. concerning the iraqi government and its cruel policies on those days, using first kind of satire was problematic and could result in that the poet or the writer was hanged or sent to jail for many years because of his piece of poem or writing. one of these poets is ahmad al-safi al-najafi. he was one of the outstanding iraqi satire poets who were not comfortable because of the iraqi government. he had a hard life and had to emigrate from one country to another. he also spent some time in the jail, but all these couldn’t keep him from creating satire poems. he continued the satire poems to the end of his life, these poems had so many things to say. in this article, we first introduce the satire and its implication in literature, then we give a biography of this poet, and finally we study and look at the satire poems by this poet.